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Understanding Yarn Twist: TPI, S-Twist and Z-Twist

12 August 2026 by

Twist holds a yarn’s fibres together and shapes its character — strength, softness, and how the fabric behaves. Understanding twist helps you specify yarn that performs the way you want.

What twist is

Twist is the number of turns per unit length, measured in turns per inch (TPI) or turns per metre (TPM). More twist generally means a stronger, harder, leaner yarn; less twist means a softer, bulkier, more absorbent yarn. There is an optimum — too much twist makes yarn harsh and lively (prone to snarling).

S-twist and Z-twist

Twist direction is described as S or Z by the slope of the spirals. Most single yarns are Z-twist; plied yarns often combine directions for balance. Direction matters in weaving and in creating fabric effects like crepe.

How twist affects fabric

Twist levelYarn characterBest for
Low twistSoft, bulky, absorbentTowels, soft knits
Medium twistBalancedMost knits and wovens
High twistStrong, lean, crispWarp, voiles, crepe

Tell us your fabric and we will match the twist and count. Send your requirement on our contact page. AA Enterprises, Delhi, since 1974.

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