Not every kilogram of cotton becomes a kilogram of yarn. The share that does is called realisation — and it affects cost.
What realisation is
Realisation is the yarn output as a percentage of the cotton input. The difference is process loss: trash removed in blowroom and carding, short fibres (noils) removed in combing, and normal spinning waste.
Why combed yarn costs more
Combed yarn has lower realisation than carded because combing removes short fibres — part of why it costs more but performs better.
What it means for you
Realisation is one input into yarn price, alongside cotton cost, count and spin. Model a blend’s cost with our blend cost calculator and plan quantity with the requirement calculator.
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More in our yarn guides.